Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation is a cellular process that harnesses the reduction of oxygen to generate high-energy phosphate bonds in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that involve the transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen across several protein, metal, and lipid complexes in the mitochondria known as the electron transport chain (ETC). The electron transport chain utilizes NADH and FADH2 generated from several catabolic cellular processes. Also, oxidative phosphorylation utilizes elemental oxygen as the final oxidizing agent (and electron acceptor). Mitochondrial function and the electron transport chain shed light on the evolution and advancement of aerobic eukaryotic life, especially when compared to anaerobic organisms. It is the hallmark of aerobic respiration and is the reason why a plethora of lifeforms require oxygen to survive.
Most of the usable energy obtained from the breakdown of carbohydrates or fats is derived by oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place within mitochondria. For example, the breakdown of glucose by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle yields a total of four molecules of ATP, ten molecules of NADH, and two molecules of FADH2. Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are then transferred to molecular oxygen, coupled to the formation of an additional 32 to 34 ATP molecules by oxidative phosphorylation. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are critical activities of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which ultimately serve as the major source of cellular energy^[1]^[2].

References:

[1]. Deshpande OA, et, al. Biochemistry, Oxidative Phosphorylation. July 31, 2023.

[2]. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition.

Oxidative Phosphorylation Related Products (94):

By Effects:	Inhibitors (24) Activator (1)

Cat. No.	Product Name	Effect	Purity	Chemical Structure

HY-100941

CCCP		99.83%
CCCP is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupler. CCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation.

HY-100410

FCCP		99.69%
FCCP is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria. FCCP induces activation of PINK1 leading to Parkin Ser65 phosphorylation.

HY-N6782

Oligomycin		≥99.0%
Oligomycin, an antifungal antibiotic, is an inhibitor of H⁺-ATP-synthase. Oligomycin blocks oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Oligomycin inhibits HIF-1alpha expression in hypoxic tumor cells.

HY-N6687

Calcimycin		99.12%
Calcimycin (A-23187) is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore (like calcium and magnesium). Calcimycin induces Ca²⁺-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Calcimycin inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Calcimycin also inhibits the activity of ATPase and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of mammalian cells. Calcimycin induces apoptosis and autophagy.

HY-112037

IACS-010759		99.68%
IACS-010759 is an orally active, potent mitochondrial complex I of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. IACS-010759 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in models of brain cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reliant on OXPHOS. IACS-010759 has the potential for relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors research.

HY-N6687C

Calcimycin hemicalcium hemimagnesium
Calcimycin (A-23187) hemicalcium hemimagnesium is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore (like calcium and magnesium). Calcimycin hemicalcium hemimagnesium induces Ca²⁺-dependent cell death by increasing intracellular calcium concentration. Calcimycin hemicalcium hemimagnesium inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi. Calcimycin hemicalcium hemimagnesium also inhibits the activity of ATPase and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of mammalian cells. Calcimycin hemicalcium hemimagnesium induces apoptosis and autophagy.

HY-181072

POLRMT-IN-4	Inhibitor
POLRMT-IN-4 is a photoactivated mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) inhibitor. POLRMT-IN-4 can be liberated from the photoactivatable prodrug upon irradiation, enables spatiotemporally precise inhibition and localized tissue selectivity. POLRMT-IN-4 disrupts mitochondrial transcription, impairs oxidative phosphorylation, and suppresses cancer cell proliferation. POLRMT-IN-4 can be used in research on various cancers, such as pancreatic cancer.

HY-W782567

5-Amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil	Activator
5-Amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil is a substance that enhances oxidative phosphorylation or mitochondrial respiration. 5-Amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil can enhance mitochondrial oxidative function. 5-Amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil can be used in the research of cancer.

HY-113596

Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium		99.22%
Acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) trisodium is a membrane-impermeant central metabolic intermediate, participates in the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A trisodium, regulates various cellular mechanisms by providing (sole donor) acetyl groups to target amino acid residues for post-translational acetylation reactions of proteins. Acetyl Coenzyme A trisodium is also a key precursor of lipid synthesis.

HY-134539

IMT1		99.86%
IMT1 is a first-in-class specific and noncompetitive human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) inhibitor. IMT1 causes a conformational change of POLRMT, which blocks substrate binding and transcription in a dose-dependent way in vitro. IMT1 reduces deoxynucleoside triphosphate levels and citric acid cycle intermediates, resulting in a marked depletion of cellular amino acid levels. IMT1 has the potential for mitochondrial transcription disorders related diseases.

HY-144835

Camibirstat		98.79%
FHD-286 is a selective, oral inhibitor of SMARCA4/SMARCA2 ATPase (BRG1 and BRM) inhibitor. FHD-286 has the potential for the research of BAF (BRG1/BRM-associated factor)-related disorders such as acute myeloid leukemia.

HY-110284

BAM 15		99.82%
BAM 15 is a mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler. BAM 15 is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) uncoupler.

HY-110282

S3QEL-2		99.62%
S3QEL-2, a suppressor of superoxide production from mitochondrial complex III, potently and selectively suppresses site IIIQo superoxide production (IC₅₀=1.7 μM). S3QEL-2 does not affect oxidative phosphorylation, and normal electron flux. S3QEL-2 inhibits HIF-1α accumulation.

HY-111651

Gboxin		98.23%
Gboxin is an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor that targets glioblastoma. Gboxin inhibits the activity of F₀F₁ ATP synthase. Antitumour activity.

HY-112037A

IACS-010759 hydrochloride		99.66%
IACS-010759 hydrochlorideis an orally active, potent mitochondrial complex I of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. IACS-010759 hydrochlorideinhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in models of brain cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reliant on OXPHOS. IACS-010759 hydrochloride has the potential for relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors research.

HY-N0220

Dauricine		99.75%
Dauricine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid in Menispermum dauricum, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Dauricine inhibits cell proliferation and invasion, and induces apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in colon cancer.

HY-111536

Mitochonic acid 5		99.60%
Mitochonic acid 5 binds mitochondria and ameliorates renal tubular and cardiac myocyte damage. Mitochonic acid 5 modulates mitochondrial ATP synthesis.

HY-12406

VLX600		99.80%
VLX600 is an iron-chelating inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). VLX600 causes mitochondrial dysfunction and induces a strong shift to glycolysis. VLX600 displays selective cytotoxic activity against malignant cell and induces autophagy. Anticancer activity.

HY-153392

TYA-018		99.84%
TYA-018 is an orally active, potent and highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor. TYA-018 can protect heart function in mice. TYA-018 also enhances energetics in mice by increasing expression of targets associated with fatty acid metabolism, protein metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation.

HY-101407

Nicotinamide N-oxide		99.85%
Nicotinamide N-oxide, an in vivo nicotinamide metabolite, is a potent, and selective antagonist of the CXCR2 receptor.

Name
Email *

	Sorry, but the email address you supplied was invalid.